Most reliable Disadvantage– unpleasant for the patient and inconvenient to gain access to the site Does not respond to body temp changes Cannot be used in rectal surgery, or stool in bowel Most common and convenient Sublingual pocket very vascular and responds to changes in core temperature Disadvantage – varies with what the patient has had in their mouth, mouth breathers Not safe for infants, children, elderly, disoriented, epileptic, or unconscious Oral ◦ Rectal Axillary Tympanic Temporal Reassess the temperature more often than ordered – nursing intervention / judgment If the temperature is abnormal, the nurse should notify the physician. The nurse needs to look at the relationship of the vital signs to each other, to previous findings, and to other assessment data. Pyrexia, hyperthermia, fever – an elevation in body temperature Hyperpyrexia – a very high fever such as: 105 0 F Febrile – having a fever Afebrile – without a fever Hypothermia – decreased body temperature below 97 0 F Rectal temperature is usually 1 degree higher than oral Axillary temperature is usually 1 degree lower than oral Age Activity / Exercise / Sleep Hormones Stress Environment Medication Illness Increase Basal Metabolism Rate ◦ Movement / exercise ◦ Shivering Vasoconstriction ◦ Decreases the amount of blood that reaches the surface and thus is not lost. Air currents carry away the heat An electric fan promotes heat loss through convection Transfer of heat away by air movements. Sweat evaporates from the skin, resulting in heat loss. When body temperature rises, hypothalamus signals the sweat glands to release sweat. Transfer of heat when a liquid is changed to a gas. #SIMS 2 SUPER COLLECTION BODY TEMPERATURE TOO HOT SKIN# When the warm skin touches a cooler object, the heat is loss Increase amount loss by applying a ice pack, bathing with cool water Decrease amount of heat loss by applying blankets Gains heat via conduction when contact is made with a warmer object Transfer of heat from one object to another with direct contact. ◦ 85% of body heat is loss via radiation to the environment ◦ Usually from the body to a cooler surface ◦ Amount of heat carried to the surface depends on the extent of vasoconstriction and vasodilation regulated by hypothalamus. ◦ Transfer of heat from the surface of one object to the surface of another without contact ◦ Blood flows from the core internal organs carrying heat to skin and surface blood vessels. Radiation ◦ Conduction Evaporation Convection ![]() ![]() Behavioral ◦ When an individual perceives he is hot or cold, he changes his behavior such as: moves to the shade or sun, regulates the thermostat, removes extra clothes or puts on sweater. ![]() ◦ The hypothalamus acts as a central thermostat, receiving input from sensors that detect hot or cold temperatures and initiates body responses mainly in the cardiovascular system via vasoconstriction or vasodilation that decrease heat production and increase heat loss. Physiologically ◦ Receptors in the skin, abdomen, and spinal cord send messages to the autonomic nervous system that sends the message to the hypothalamus. ![]() It fluctuates depending on the blood supply to the skin and the amount of heat loss to the external environment. It is relatively constant Surface Temperature – temperature of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Core Temperature – temperature of the deep tissues of the body such as abdominal or pelvic cavities. Heat Production Heat Loss = Body Temperature Body temperature is the balance between heat produced in the body and heat loss from the body. Heat Production Heat Loss = Body Temperature."- Presentation transcript: Presentation on theme: " Body temperature is the balance between heat produced in the body and heat loss from the body.
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